lo3 know the features and functions of information systems

lo3 know the features and functions of information systems
features of information systems
data:
Data is information stored in its raw (or most basic) form. The reason why information is stored like this is so that only the information that is needed for specific functions can be used.
people:
The first group of people we are going to look at play a role in designing, developing, and building information systems. These people are generally very technical and have a background in programming and mathematics.
hardware:

software:
Application software are programs that direct the performance of a particular use, or application, of computers to meet the information processing needs of end users. They include Aoff-the-shelf@ software such as word processing and spreadsheet packages, as well as internally or externally developed software that is designed to meet the specific needs of an organization.
telecommunications.
many MIS may are delivered across an intranet within a company's firewall for protection from competitors and others seeking this valubia management information

functions of information systems
input:
the user must also tell the system what sort of analysis they want from the system. somertimes this is hidden from the user and the IT department sets this up in advance of users using the system.
storage:
the data should be stored at the most detailed level possible. the IT department may also choose to store various summaries of data for ease of use and consistency
processing:
processing is what turns data into information. at its simplest, it may be adding up all of the individual items sold by a supermarket and producing totals by store, by product or by time of day.
output:
graphical output - information that is presented as charts, diagrams, graphs or pictures. graphical output is often best for seeing the big picture, understanding trends and presenting the information to management.
control and feedback loops:
a control or feedback loop is what happens in the organisation as a result of the output from an information system. it should have some effect, dire
closed and open systems.
close system- an information system where the outputs are fixed. in a closed system, the user may have some choice about what to report on, but they are limited to predefined output formats.
open system - an information system where the user has a wide choice in how to present the output. in an open system there is often great flexibility on what to report  on and the format in which the information is output

types of information
management information systems:
A management information system (MIS) is a computerized database of financial information organized and programmed in such a way that it produces regular reports on operations for every level of management in a company.
others
the others are people who create software and hardware they use a computer system software to upgrard the hardware
marketing information system (sales performance, competitors etc).

A system that analyzes and assesses marketing information, gathered continuously from sources inside and outside an organization. Timely marketing information provides basis for decisions such as product development or improvement, pricing, packaging, distribution, media selection, and promotion. See also market information system.

financial information system (financial costs, investment returns etc:)
A financial information system (FIS) accumulates and analyzes financial data used for optimal financial planning and forecasting decisions and outcomes. An FIS is used in conjunction with a decision support system, and it helps a firm attain its financial objectives because they use a minimal amount of resources relative to a predetermined margin of safety. 

 human resources information system (HR ) (staffing, professional development etc)
A HRIS, which is also known as a human resource information system or human resource management system (HRIS), is basically an intersection of human resources and information technology through HR software. This allows HR activities and processes to occur electronically.

 management information systems (MIS)
features:
benefits:
effectiveness criteria e.g. accuracy, sustainability responsible times, confidence.

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