network models
OSI model and TCP/IP

a OSI model is a conceptual framework for understanding relationships. the purpose of the OSI reference model is to guide vendors and developers so the difital communication products.

the physical layer (layer 1)
layer 1 of the OSI model is named the physical layer because it is responsible for the transmission and reception of wire level. for example, the physical layer is where it is dictated how bits are represented across a specific networking medium.
the data link layer (layer 2)
layer 2 of the OSI model is named the data link layer and is responsible for link establishment and termination, frame traffic control, sequencing, acknowledgement, error checking, and media accress management.
the network layer (layer 3)
layer 3 of the OSI model is named the network layer and is where routing of network traffic begins. the network layer not only makes the traffic routing decisions but also provides traffic control, fragmentation, and logical addressing (internet protocol (IP) addresses).
the transport layer (layer 4)
layer 4 of the OSI model is named the transport layer and is responsible for message segmentation, acknowledgement, traffic control, and session multiplexing. the transport layer also has the ability to perform error detection and correction (resends), message reordering to ensure message sequence, and reliable message channel depenfing on the specific transport layer protocol used.
the session layer (layer 5)
layer 5 of the OSI model is named the session layer and is responsible for session establishment, maintenance and termination.
the presentation layer (layer 6)
layer 6 of the OSI model is named the presentation layer and is responsible for character code translation , data conversion, compression, and encryption.
the application layer (layer 7)
layer 7 of the OSI model is named the application layer and is responsible for a number of different things depending on the application some of things include resource sharing, remote file access, remote printer access, network management, and electronic messaging (email).

a TCP/IP is the language a computer uses to access the internet. it consists of a suite of protocols designed to establish a network of networks to provide a host with access to the internet.

the link layer is the lowest layer of the TCP/IP model: it is also referred to in some texts as the network interface layer. the link layer combines the physical and data link layer functions into a single layer.

the internet layer is the next layer up from the link layer and is associated with network layer of the OSI  model. functions include traffic routing, traffic control, fragmentation, and logical addressing.

the transport layer is the next layer and is typically related directly with the same named layer in the OSI model. functions include message segmentation, acknowledgement, traffic control, session multiplexing, error detection and correction and message reordering.

the application layer is the highest layer in the TCP/IP model and is related to the session, presentation and application layers of the OSI model. the application layer of the TCP/IP model is used to handle all process to process communication functions; these functions were carried out by multiple differnet layers when referenving the OSI model.

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